If you want a single do-it-all bike that's quick and rugged and also capable of carrying loads, a gravel/adventure or even a touring bike could be the best option for you. Many people prefer the ride position of this kind of bike because it tends to be a little more relaxed than that of a standard road bike. They also have enough clearance for mudguards and racks, making them suitable for commuting.
Road bikes would typically be much stiffer, and would be used for smoother surface. Their riding position would be more aggressive, making the rider faster. Most of the time they would not allow for mudguards or rear carrier.
